Managing diversity: is Australia bucking the postmulticulturalist trend or on its way to embrace interculturalism?

At a time when multiculturalism as an approach to managing diversity in society has been declared a failed policy in many western countries, Australia still seems committed to the approach as evidenced in public discourse and government declarations. The concept of interculturalism— promoted as a more appropriate approach to dealing with diversity in other parts of the world such as Europe and Canada—seemingly has no place in the Australian context. However, changes in the understanding of the concept, its application and degrees of commitment to it can also be observed in Australia. Not only has the meaning and execution of multiculturalism changed considerably over the years, there has also been vigorous debate and backlash, embodied in the political arena, by the (re) emergence of parties, and more recently, a variety of groupings with a nationalistic and/or nativist focus. More generally, a hardened attitude in public discourses concerning migration, social cohesion and national identity has developed over the last two decades. In the context of these developments, this article will trace the evolution of the Australian concept of multiculturalism and its concrete application focussing on the changes of the last two decades. A comparison of Australia’s purportedly unique type of multiculturalism and concept(s) of interculturalism to explore whether Australia’s nation-building project is indeed distinct from other countries’ diversity experience, or whether there is a place for interculturalism in Australia in an era of increasing mobility will conclude the article

Determinants of the international performance of services: a conceptual model

Countless determinants of export success that are supposed to help managers reduce the failure rates of export ventures have been identified. Despite this abundance of studies, however, little is known about the determinants of the internationalization success of services. In this paper, based on prior studies focusing primarily on manufactured goods and the key characteristics distinguishing services from goods, a comprehensive conceptual model for the successful internationalization of services is developed. --Services,export performance,internationalization,success factors

Determinants of the international performance of services a conceptual model

Countless determinants of export success that are supposed to help managers reduce the failure rates of export ventures have been identified. Despite this abundance of studies, however, little is known about the determinants of the internationalization success of services. In this paper, based on prior studies focusing primarily on manufactured goods and the key characteristics distinguishing services from goods, a comprehensive conceptual model for the successful internationalization of services is developed

Modulation phonologischer und semantischer Prozesse im Sprachnetzwerk: Eine kombinierte TMS-fMRT-Studie.

Insbesondere bildgebende Verfahren wie die funktionelle Magnetresonanztomografie (fMRT), haben innerhalb der letzten Jahre verdeutlicht, dass verschiedene Sprachkomponenten in weit verzweigten kortikalen Netzwerken im menschlichen Gehirn repräsentiert sind. Die in dieser Arbeit durchgeführte Studie kombinierte transkranielle Magnetstimulation (TMS) und fMRT mit dem Ziel phonologische und semantische Sprachnetzwerke detaillierter zu charakterisieren. Bisherige Studien identifizierten u. a. den linken Gyrus supramarginalis (SMG) und posterioren Anteil des Gyrus frontalis inferior (pIFG) als Kernregionen der phonologischen Entscheidungsaufgabe. Semantische Entscheidungsaufgaben wurden dahingegen u. a. mit dem linken Gyrus Angularis (ANG) und dem anterioren Anteil des Gyrus frontalis inferior (aIFG) in Verbindung gebracht. In der vorliegenden Arbeit wurde ein Laborexperiment an 17 gesunden, rechtshändigen und deutschsprachigen Probanden in zwei Sitzungen durchgeführt. Mithilfe eines hemmenden TMS Protokolls, der „continuous Theta Burst Stimulation“ (cTBS) sollte die kortikale Erregbarkeit über den Stimulationszeitraum hinaus reversibel moduliert werden. Eine neuronavigierte cTBS wurde entweder über dem linken SMG oder dem linken ANG appliziert. Der cTBS folgte, direkt im Anschluss, eine ereigniskorrelierte fMRT Untersuchung, während derer die Probanden auditiv präsentierte semantische und phonologische (Einzel ) Wortentscheidungsaufgaben bearbeiteten. Mit der fMRT sollten Veränderungen kortikaler Aktivierungsmuster durch die konditionierende TMS während der Bearbeitung der Aufgaben abgebildet werden. Die Ergebnisse der Studie tragen zum Verständnis der Wirkungsweise der cTBS über nicht motorischen Kortexarealen bei. Die Stimulation führte zu einer signifikanten Abnahme des „blood oxygenation level dependent“ (BOLD) Kontrasts am Stimulationsort. Weiterhin zeigten die Ergebnisse, dass die cTBS nicht nur am Ort der Stimulation zu einer Änderung der BOLD Kontrasts führt, sondern ein gesamtes Netzwerk spezifisch zu modulieren scheint. Eine cTBS über dem linken SMG führt u. a. zu einer verminderten BOLD Antwort im linken pIFG. Die Stimulation des linken ANG resultierte u. a. in einer erniedrigten BOLD Reaktion des aIFG. Eine Aufgabenspezifität nach Stimulation des SMG bzw. ANG wurde jedoch nicht evident. Dennoch unterstützen die Ergebnisse die Annahme, dass mögliche Verhaltenseffekte nach einer cTBS nicht zwingend auf den Ort der Stimulation zurückgeführt werden können. Weiterhin verdeutlichen die Stimulationseffekte, dass der SMG und der ANG in zwei unterschiedliche Netzwerke eingebunden sind

IFRS for SMEs: Eine Alternative für den Einzelabschluss aus Sicht des deutschen Mittelstandes?

-- The objective of the IFRS for SMEs is to provide SMEs an attractive accounting alternative according to international standards. The paper analyses the differences compared to the German-GAAP and highlights the consequences for medium-sized entities in Germany.Accounting,full IFRS,IFRS,IFRS for SMEs,non-listed companies,small and medium-sized entities (SMEs)

Borders and Catastrophe: lessons from COVID-19 for the European Green Deal

This article considers how the European Union and Member States’ responses to the COVID-19 crisis in the first half of 2020 could inform climate action in Europe, and particularly the resumption of actions on the EGD. It first outlines the EU’s public health and economic responses to COVID-19 and Europe’s role in the global response to the pandemic. We find that, based on the challenges and successes of all these responses, a strong argument can be made for ‘more Europe’ – greater integration, and stronger EU-level institutions – to lead and govern the COVID-19 response. This has direct lessons for the governance and scope of future climate action

Photophysical Study on the Rigid Pt(II) Complex [Pt(naphen)(Cl)] (Hnaphen = Naphtho[1,2-b][1,10]Phenanthroline and Derivatives

The electrochemistry and photophysics of the Pt(II) complexes [Pt(naphen)(X)] (Hnaphen = naphtho[1,2-b][1,10]phenanthroline, X = Cl or C≡CPh) containing the rigid tridentate C^N^N-coordinating pericyclic naphen ligand was studied alongside the complexes of the tetrahydro-derivative [Pt(thnaphen)(X)] (Hthnaphen = 5,6,8,9-tetrahydro-naphtho[1,2-b][1,10]phenanthroline) and the N^C^N-coordinated complex [Pt(bdq)(Cl)] (Hbdq = benzo[1,2-h:5,4-h’]diquinoline. The cyclic voltammetry showed reversible reductions for the C^N^N complexes, with markedly fewer negative potentials (around −1.6 V vs. ferrocene) for the complexes containing the naphen ligand compared with the thnaphen derivatives (around −1.9 V). With irreversible oxidations at around +0.3 V for all of the complexes, the naphen made a difference in the electrochemical gap of about 0.3 eV (1.9 vs. 2.2 eV) compared with thnaphen. The bdq complex was completely different, with an irreversible reduction at around −2 V caused by the N^C^N coordination pattern, which lacked a good electron acceptor such as the phenanthroline unit in the C^N^N ligand naphen. Long-wavelength UV-Vis absorption bands were found around 520 to 530 nm for the C^N^N complexes with the C≡CPh coligand and were red-shifted when compared with the Cl derivatives. The N^C^N-coordinated bdq complex was markedly blue-shifted (493 nm). The steady-state photoluminescence spectra showed poorly structured emission bands peaking at around 630 nm for the two naphen complexes and 570 nm for the thnaphen derivatives. The bdq complex showed a pronounced vibrational structure and an emission maximum at 586 nm. Assuming mixed 3LC/3MLCT excited states, the vibronic progression for the N^C^N bdq complex indicated a higher LC character than assumed for the C^N^N-coordinated naphen and thnaphen complexes. The blue-shift was a result of the different N^C^N vs. C^N^N coordination. The photoluminescence lifetimes and quantum yields ΦL massively increased from solutions at 298 K (0.06 to 0.24) to glassy frozen matrices at 77 K (0.80 to 0.95). The nanosecond time-resolved study on [Pt(naphen)(Cl)] showed a phosphorescence emission signal originating from the mixed 3LC/3MLCT with an emission lifetime of around 3 µs

Paradigmatic Approach to Support Personalized Counseling With Digital Health (iKNOW)

iKNOW is the first evidence-based digital tool to support personalized counseling for women in Germany with a hereditary cancer risk. The counseling tool is designed for carriers of pathogenic gBRCA (germline breast cancer gene) variants that increase the lifetime risk of breast and ovarian cancer. Carriers of pathogenic variants are confronted with complex, individualized risk information, and physicians must be able to convey this information in a comprehensible way to enable preference-sensitive health decisions. In this paper, we elaborate on the clinical, regulatory, and practical premises of personalized counseling in Germany. By operationalizing these premises, we formulate 5 design principles that, we suggest, are specific enough to develop a digital tool (eg, iKNOW), yet wide-ranging enough to inform the development of counseling tools for personalized medicine more generally: (1) digital counseling tools should implement the current standard of care (eg, based on guidelines); (2) digital counseling tools should help to both standardize and personalize the counseling process (eg, by enabling the preference-sensitive selection of counseling contents from a common information base); (3) digital counseling tools should make complex information easy to access both cognitively (eg, by using evidenced-based risk communication formats) and technically (eg, by means of responsive design for various devices); (4) digital counseling tools should respect the counselee's data privacy rights (eg, through strict pseudonymization and opt-in consent); and (5) digital counseling tools should be systematically and iteratively evaluated with the users in mind (eg, using formative prototype testing to ensure a user-centric design and a summative multicenter, randomized controlled trial). On the basis of these paradigmatic design principles, we hope that iKNOW can serve as a blueprint for the development of more digital innovations to support personalized counseling approaches in cancer medicine